Nature finds a way- light labyrinth

It's amazing how the sentence "Nature finds a way" is incredibly correct, everyone knows at least one story about animals saving people or about animals doing thousands of  km despite the unimaginable difficulties- like monarch butterflies or salmon going up the river.

Nature follows a small set of rules that allow ecosystems to function in equilibrium theoretically "ad eternum" if they are not disturbed by the "human hand".

Today I bring you a demonstration of how nature always finds a way to overcome the difficulties.
The test is very simple allows direct observation of the struggle for life.

We will need:

• potato;
• small plastic container/pot, like a cup,
• soil,
• shoe box,
• wooden blocks, legos®, or other small obstacles.

How to:

1. Allow the potatoes a few weeks at room temperature, so they can germinate, this procedure should be done in dry conditions, with light and warm. This procedure can take up to 6 weeks; 
2. Take the potatoes and place them in the container with the "little eyes" facing upwards;
3. Cover the potatoes with moist soil;
4. In the narrow side of the box make a round hole the size of a small coin;
5. Put the pot inside the box at the opposite end to the hole that opened in the box;
6. build small walls and obstacles using the legos®;
7. Place these obstacles inside the box, make sure that there is at least one free path to the hole, don't close the hole;
8. Close and seal the box, make sure no light can get in except from the hole;
9. Place the box somewhere with direct light with the hole facing the light source;
10. Wait 3 or 4 days and observe.

What happens?
After a while the potato will grow in light direction, sprouts will naturally go around obstacles in light direction

Why?Because the plant needs light to produce food, and thus growth will always be towards the light.
 
Go further: 
Repeat this with other plants.
"Do all plants grow in the same way?" 
you can use dry beans, onion.
 
Et Voilá!
Nature finds a way!

Enjoy!

Why eat seasonal fruit

Eating strawberries or cherries in December is a small but expensive luxury brought to us by development. Nothing is better for the soul then smell the summer through the out of season fruit, it's like a beach walk in a hot day.
But nature is always right, and we don't have cherries in December for a reason. 
We can eat cherries all year but there is a reason that cherries grow on spring/summer and not in December. Past generation lived in tune with season, knew all the natural cycles and ate what the land gave them, was unthinkable eating persimmons in August or figs in March. Many things were conserved in several ways, primarily by cold, to be available all year, but these were limited resources.

Today we have at our disposal all we want, when we want, like we want. I even think that satisfying pregnant women wishes with never ending trips is now a myth, all we need to do is going to the market.

But eating season fruit and vegetables bring advantages to the health, the planet and to economy.
Some of the products we eat are brought from the other side of the world, some of them are season products there but they are out of season here. As a result they are picked green so they can ripe during the trip. This fact makes the fruit and vegetables poor in nutrients, the formation of sugar is linked to the sun exposure, and the vitamins are very degradable in this conditions.  

Scientists from Consumers Association of Austria confirmed that vegetables picked and frozen at the right season are richer in nutrients than the ones that were transported off-season! in http://bodyecology.com/articles/benefits_in_season.php

Of course we can not be extremists, not everyone has the opportunity to eat fruit "directly from the tree" or pick carrots "directly from the soil," it is clear that without the greenhouses we could not produce food for all inhabitants of the planet (even with them is hard). 
Another important concept is food manipulation, this is just one more tool we can use to feed people, perhaps without it we would never be able to feed half of the people we are feeding now, in most of the cases most of us confuse manipulation with selection, both are valid, both are important, and both bring food to your table.
Some parts of the process we can't control, but we can try to assume control on the last bit of the process: What to buy, when to buy, and how to buy. 

Eat only 2 to 3 fruit pieces a day, fruit is rich in fructose, fructose is sugar, more then 3 pieces will mean you are ingesting to many sugar. Eating seasonal fruit is more satisfying, the fruit is sweeter, fresh and the body asks for it. It's no accident that nature produces cherries on spring and persimmons on fall, there's always a reason, for example a evolutionary reason related with the nutritional necessities of the all animals during the different seasons.


The fruits/vegetables season table is different for each globe zone, the one here is for the US territory, other tables can be found all over the internet:

Making children eat fruit and not cake as a snack, even if the fruit is out of season looks like a good habit and strategy, with more benefits then losses.

Et voilá!
Eat your vegetables... on season! its cheaper and tasteful!

Enjoy!

Build a Terrarium- Ecosystem inside a jar

In National Geographic

A terrarium is a completely self-sustaining ecosystem in a container that is designed to house small animals and plants under controlled conditions.

The closed nature of a terrarium creates an environment easy to control, allowing the simulation of environments from desert to rain forest.
In general it is made in a clear naked container, but can also be constructed in wood, for example.

The top can be open or closed depending on the environment we want o recreate. When open it's protected with a net to prevent the "escape" and the entrance of living beings.

How does it works?

The plant resets the oxygen, the light is a source of energy, the water comes from moisture in the soil. As the dead leaves fall and decompose providing food for the soil.

We can build a Terrarium, that's today proposal.

What we need:

• transparent glass container, with a wide opening,
• small stones,
• activated charcoal, you can buy it in a pet shop,
• potting soil,
• small sponge,
• a net with a fine mesh 
• canvas
• moss and/or plants.

How to:

1. Chose what plant you want to use, they must be small and slow growth;
2. Place the small stones in the container -terrarium;
3. Spread a small amount of activated charcoal on the top of stones;
4. Take a piece of canvas and make a small cut in the middle
5. Cover the charcoal with the canvas;
6. Place a sponge (with 3cm wide) in the canvas cut, this will take the moisture to the plants;
7. Cover the all hing with soil; 
8. Place the plants. Just like you will do it in the garden;
9. Spray your plants with water;
10. You can add o your garden some action figures;
11. Close the Terrarium with the net;
12. Wait to see if it works.

At first the Terrarium will look fragile, but after a few days the ecosystem will start operating normally. It's normal if the first try fail, but don't give up, use different plants and different soil and try again.

Et Voilá!
Can you make it work?

Enjoy!

Floating lemmons, or not

Observation:
Peeled lemons sink, unpeeled lemons float.

Why is that? Maybe the lemon peel acts like a lifebuoy, keeping the lemon above the water line.  

What we need:

• water,
• small box or a glass container, transparent,
• 1 lemon,
• your lab notebook.

 How to:

1. Fill the container with water, enough to float lemon;
2. Place the lemon inside the container;
3. Observe carefully what happens and record the results in your notebook;
4. Remove the lemon from the water;
5. Peel the lemon;
6. Place it again on the water;
7. Observe carefully what happens and record the results in your notebook.

Attention: Ask an adult o handle the knife

 

What happens?
Peeled lemon sink, unpeeled lemon float.

Why?
Notice that when the lemon was unpeeled it only sunk enough to stabilize its weight. In the picture you can see 1/4 of the lemon off water.

This is due to, at least, two factors, density and porosity.

Density, density depends on lemon weight and volume. But if we peel the lemon it becomes lighter nevertheless it sinks.

Porosity, Lemon peel is extremely porous and when placed in water, the air is trapped in these pores and can not escape, this makes the lemon float. Just enough to compensate its weight.

By simple observation we can see that the peel is made off two areas, a white and spongy one and a yellow and porous one. What if we separate this yellow and white areas?

1. Place the lemon peel in the water. Does it float?
2. Observe carefully what happens and record the results in your notebook;
3. With a knife separate the yellow section from the white section;
4. Try to place the white section in the container. Does it float?;
5. Observe carefully what happens and record the results in your notebook;
6. Now try with the yellow exterior section;
7. Observe carefully what happens and record the results in your notebook.

"The peel white section" floats! The yellow one sinks!
If you look closer you can see that the white section is very spongy, and therefore very light, ie works as a buoy.

In terms of evolution, in which only the fittest survive, we see this floating lemon as a competitive advantage, the fruits may fall from the tree, float in a water course and travel to other destinations and lands where their seeds can proliferate at will.


A step further:

• Use different citrus, like lime or orange.
• Use different fruits like  apples or bananas.
• In nature we can find different thicknesses of peels in lemons. Do the peel thickness affect the outcome?

Et voilá!
Archimedes in action.

Enjoy!

Instant facts- Just add water 76

Catherine de Medici (1519-1589) is said to have taken the Italian peas "piselli novelli" to France (along with her chefs) when she married Henri II in 1533. This helped make petits pois a delicacy in France.
in peas.org

Instant facts- Just add water 73

Lobsters are ten-legged crustacean.
in animals.nationalgeographic.com

Instant facts- Just add water 72

Sheep were domesticated by humans around 10,000 BC.
in veganpeace.com

Instant facts- Just add water 71

Reptiles are ectothermic, or cold-blooded, meaning their body temperature is regulated by their environment. Because they don't regulate their own body temperature, reptiles have few energy requirements and can go for long periods without food.
in http://animal.discovery.com

Instant facts- Just add water 70

In the northern hemisphere, the first day of the spring season is the day of the year when the Sun crosses the celestial equator moving northward (on March 20th or 21st). This day is known as the vernal equinox.
in http://animal.discovery.com

Instant facts- Just add water 69

In the natural world, raccoons snare a lot of their meals in the water. With a average life span in the wild of 2 to 3 years, and a max size of 23.75 to 37.5 in (60 to 95 cm).
In http://animals.nationalgeographic.com

Instant facts- Just add water 67

Worldwide, 7.2 million people die from heart disease every year.
in http://science.nationalgeographic.com

Instant facts- Just add water 66

The average human brain has about 100 billion nerve cells.
in http://www.faizani.com

Instant facts- Just add water 65

Your eyes can process 36,000 bits of information every hour
in http://converyoptometrists.com/

Instant facts- Just add water 55

Beans contain no cholesterol, and they can help lower your cholesterol level because they are one of the richest sources of fiber.
in http://www.foodreference.com

Instant facts- Just add water 50

The weight a person loses directly after intense physical activity is weight from water, not fat.
in http://www.allaboutwater.org

Instant facts- Just add water 49

Dalmatians are completely white at birth.
in http://facts.randomhistory.com

Instant facts- Just add water 48

There are more bacterial cells in the body than human cells.
Scientists have estimated that about 95% of all the cells in the body are bacteria. The vast majority of these microbes can be found within the digetive tract.
in about.com

DNA extraction from onion cells

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in almost living "things".
Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most of DNA is located in cell nucleus. We can say this DNA is like a stepladder and it can be as long as 1,80m but it can fold itself so tight it can be stored in a small space with micro dimensions.

Lets see how we can see this DNA without any microscopy help.

We need:

• 2 bowls, one of them must be transparent,
• a knife,
• a onion,
• dish detergent,
• salt,
• water,
• 2 spoons,
• alcohol.

How to:

1. Peel the onion;
2. Cut the onion, into small pieces, to the bowl;
3. Add some dish detergent, enough to cover it;
4. Add the salt (1/2 tablespoon);
5. Finally add the water (2 tablespoons);
6. Mix, careful, we don't want it to form bubbles;
7. Wait 20 min;
8. Mix again;
9. Separate the liquid layer from the rest, the DNA is on the liquid, reject the rest.
10. Add alcohol to the liquid, slowly, we want the alcohol to form a second layer above the liquid, try to make the alcohol run down the bowl wall.
11. Don't mix the layers;
12. Wait another 20 min.

What happens?
You can see small white strands; some of them may look like small clusters.

Why?
DNA precipitates when mixed with alcohol; this means it's not soluble in this reagent. This causes the DNA to clump together when there is a lot of it. And, usually, cells contain a lot of it!

NOTES:
Salt- Helps DNA to precipitate
Cold water- Helps to maintain DNA intact. If we use hot water cellular enzymes can destroy the DNA strand.

Et voilá!
Genetic in your kitchen!

Enjoy!

Instant facts- Just add water 45

Pineapples do not grow on trees.
in homecooking.about.com

Instant facts- Just add water 29

Around 2000 different types of plants are used by humans to make food.
in sciencekids.co.nz